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What is Pragmatics?<br><br>Pragmatics studies the connection between language and context. It addresses issues like What do people mean by the terms they use?<br><br>It's a philosophies of practical and reasonable actions. It is in contrast to idealism, which is the belief that one should adhere to their beliefs no matter what.<br><br>What is Pragmatics?<br><br>The study of pragmatics is the way that language users interact and communicate with one other. It is often viewed as a component of language, although it differs from semantics because pragmatics looks at what the user wants to convey rather than what the meaning actually is.<br><br>As a research area the field of pragmatics is relatively new and research in the area has been growing rapidly in the last few decades. It is a language academic field however, it has also affected research in other areas such as psychology, sociolinguistics and the field of anthropology.<br><br>There are a myriad of approaches to pragmatics that have contributed to the growth and development of this discipline. One example is the Gricean approach to pragmatics, which is focused on the concept of intention and how it relates to the speaker's knowledge of the listener's understanding. Other perspectives on pragmatics include lexical and conceptual approaches to pragmatics. These views have contributed to the diversity of topics that pragmatics researchers have researched.<br><br>The research in pragmatics has covered a wide range topics, such as L2 pragmatic comprehension and request production by EFL students, and the importance of the theory of mind in mental and physical metaphors. It has been applied to social and cultural phenomena such as political discourse, discriminatory speech and [https://bookmarkfavors.com/story3765909/indisputable-proof-of-the-need-for-pragmatic-official-website 프라그마틱 슬롯 조작] ([https://bookmarkpressure.com/story18247133/7-simple-tricks-to-refreshing-your-pragmatic-free Https://Bookmarkpressure.Com]) interpersonal communication. Researchers in pragmatics have used various methods from experimental to sociocultural.<br><br>Figure 9A-C illustrates that the size of the knowledge base for pragmatics varies depending on the database used. The US and  [https://hylistings.com/story19364647/the-reason-why-pragmatic-experience-is-everyone-s-obsession-in-2024 프라그마틱] the UK are two of the top performers in the field of pragmatics research. However, their position is dependent on the database. This is due to pragmatics being multidisciplinary and interspersed with other disciplines.<br><br>It is therefore difficult to rank the best pragmatics authors solely based on the number of publications they have published. It is possible to determine influential authors by looking at their contributions to pragmatics. Bambini, for example, has contributed to pragmatics by introducing concepts like politeness theories and conversational implicititure. Other authors who have been influential in pragmatics include Grice, Saul and Kasper.<br><br>What is Free Pragmatics?<br><br>The study of pragmatics is more concerned with the contexts and language users rather than with truth or reference, or grammar. It focuses on how one utterance may be understood differently in different contexts. This includes ambiguity and indexicality. It also focuses on strategies that hearers use to determine whether utterances are intended to be communicative. It is closely linked to the theory of conversational implicature, which was developed by Paul Grice.<br><br>The boundaries between these two disciplines is a matter of debate. While the distinction is widely recognized, it's not always clear where the lines should be drawn. Some philosophers believe that the concept of sentence meaning is a component of semantics, while others insist that this particular problem should be treated as pragmatic.<br><br>Another issue that has been a source of contention is whether the study of pragmatics should be considered an linguistics-related branch or as a component of philosophy of language. Some researchers have suggested that pragmatics is an autonomous discipline and should be treated as part of linguistics alongside the study of phonology. syntax, semantics etc. Others have argued that the study of pragmatics is an aspect of philosophy because it focuses on the way in which our beliefs about the meaning and use of languages influence our theories of how languages work.<br><br>This debate has been fueled by a handful of questions that are essential to the study of pragmatics. Some scholars have argued for instance, that pragmatics isn't a subject in its own right because it studies how people interpret and use the language without necessarily referring to the facts about what actually was said. This type of approach is referred to as far-side pragmatics. Other scholars, however, have argued that the study should be considered a field in its own right because it examines the ways the meaning and usage of language is affected by cultural and social factors. This is called near-side pragmatics.<br><br>Other topics of discussion in pragmatics include the manner in which we understand the nature of utterance interpretation as an inferential process, and the importance that primary pragmatic processes play in the determining of what is being spoken by an individual speaker in a sentence. Recanati and Bach discuss these issues in more in depth. Both papers deal with the notions of saturation and free pragmatic enrichment. These are significant pragmatic processes in that they shape the meaning of an utterance.<br><br>What is the difference between explanatory and free Pragmatics?<br><br>The study of pragmatics is the way in which context influences the meaning of language. It analyzes how human language is used in social interactions, and the relationship between the interpreter and the speaker. Linguists who specialize in pragmatics are referred to as pragmaticians.<br><br>Over the years, a variety of theories of pragmatism have been proposed. Some, like Gricean pragmatics, concentrate on the communicative intention of the speaker. Others, such as Relevance Theory are focused on the understanding processes that occur during the interpretation of words by hearers. Some practical approaches have been put with other disciplines, like cognitive science or philosophy.<br><br>There are also a variety of views on the borderline between pragmatics and semantics. Morris is one philosopher who believes that pragmatics and semantics are two different subjects. He argues semantics concerns the relationship of signs to objects that they might or may not refer to, whereas pragmatics is concerned with the use of words in context.<br><br>Other philosophers such as Bach and Harnish have suggested that pragmatism is an subfield of semantics. They differentiate between 'near-side and 'far-side' pragmatism. Near-side pragmatics focuses on the content of what is said, while far-side is focused on the logical implications of uttering a phrase. They claim that a portion of the 'pragmatics' that accompany an utterance is already influenced by semantics, while other 'pragmatics' are determined by the pragmatic processes of inference.<br><br>The context is one of the most important aspects in pragmatics. This means that the same phrase can mean different things in different contexts, depending on things like indexicality and ambiguity. Other things that can change the meaning of an utterance include the structure of the discourse, speaker intentions and beliefs, as well as expectations of the listener.<br><br>A second aspect of pragmatics is its cultural specificity. This is because each culture has its own rules for what is acceptable in various situations. For instance, [https://pragmatickr44207.nytechwiki.com/10060205/12_facts_about_pragmatic_authenticity_verification_that_will_make_you_think_twice_about_the_cooler_water_cooler 프라그마틱 무료게임] it is polite in some cultures to keep eye contact while it is rude in other cultures.<br><br>There are a variety of views of pragmatics, and lots of research is being conducted in this field. There are a variety of areas of research, such as pragmatics that are computational and formal, theoretical and experimental pragmatism, intercultural and cross linguistic pragmatics and clinical and experimentative pragmatics.<br><br>How is Free Pragmatics Similar to Explanatory Pragmatics?<br><br>The linguistic discipline of pragmatics is concerned with how meaning is conveyed through the use of language in context. It focuses less on the grammatical structure of the spoken word and more on what the speaker is actually saying. Pragmaticians are linguists who focus on pragmatics. The topic of pragmatics is closely related to other linguistics areas, like syntax, semantics and the philosophy of language.<br><br>In recent years the field of pragmatics has expanded in many directions. This includes computational linguistics and conversational pragmatics. These areas are characterized by a wide variety of research, which addresses aspects like lexical features and the interaction between discourse,  [https://letusbookmark.com/story19836601/pragmatic-free-explained-in-fewer-than-140-characters 프라그마틱 무료체험 슬롯버프] language and meaning.<br><br>One of the major issues in the philosophical discussion of pragmatics is whether or not it is possible to have an exhaustive, systematic view of the semantics/pragmatics interface. Some philosophers have argued that it's not (e.g. Morris 1938, Kaplan 1989). Other philosophers have claimed that the distinction between semantics and pragmatics is ill-defined and that pragmatics and semantics are really the identical.<br><br>It is not unusual for scholars to debate between these two perspectives and argue that certain phenomena fall under either pragmatics or semantics. For instance certain scholars argue that if an expression has a literal truth-conditional meaning then it is semantics, [https://myeasybookmarks.com/story3712540/what-s-the-reason-pragmatic-free-trial-meta-is-everywhere-this-year 프라그마틱 슬롯무료] whereas other argue that the fact that a statement could be interpreted in different ways is pragmatics.<br><br>Other pragmatics researchers have taken an alternative route. They claim that the truth-conditional interpretation of a statement is just one of many possible interpretations and that they are all valid. This method is often referred to as far-side pragmatics.<br><br>Some recent work in pragmatics has attempted to combine both approaches in an effort to comprehend the full scope of the possibilities of an utterance's interpretation by demonstrating how the speaker's intentions and beliefs contribute to the interpretation. For example, Champollion et al. (2019) combine an Gricean game-theoretic model of the Rational Speech Act framework with technical innovations from Franke and Bergen (2020). The model predicts that listeners will entertain many possible exhausted parses of a speech that is a part of the universal FCI Any. This is the reason why the exclusiveness implicature is so robust when compared to other plausible implications.
What is Pragmatics?<br><br>Pragmatics studies the connection between language and context. It addresses issues such as: What do people mean by the words they use?<br><br>It's a philosophy of practical and reasonable actions. It's in contrast to idealism, the notion that you must abide by your principles.<br><br>What is Pragmatics?<br><br>The study of pragmatics is the way that language users interact and communicate with one and with each other. It is often thought of as a part or language, but it is different from semantics in that it focuses on what the user wants to convey, not what the meaning is.<br><br>As a field of study the field of pragmatics is relatively new and its research has grown rapidly over the past few decades. It is a language academic field however, it has also influenced research in other areas like sociolinguistics, psychology, and Anthropology.<br><br>There are a variety of perspectives on pragmatics that have contributed to its growth and development. One of these is the Gricean pragmatics approach, which focuses primarily on the notions of intention and the interaction with the speaker's knowledge of the listener's comprehension. Conceptual and lexical approaches to pragmatics are also perspectives on the topic. These perspectives have contributed to the wide range of subjects that researchers studying pragmatics have studied.<br><br>The study of pragmatics has been focused on a wide range of subjects, including L2 pragmatic comprehension and request production by EFL learners, and the role of the theory of mind in physical and mental metaphors. It can also be applied to social and cultural phenomena, such as political discourse, discriminatory language, and interpersonal communication. Pragmatics researchers have also used various methods, from experimental to sociocultural.<br><br>Figure 9A-C demonstrates that the size of the knowledge base on pragmatics is different depending on the database used. The US and UK are two of the top performers in pragmatics research. However, their ranking is dependent on the database. This difference is due to the fact that pragmatics is an interconnected field that is inextricably linked with other disciplines.<br><br>It is therefore difficult to rank the best pragmatics authors solely according to the number of publications they have published. However, it is possible to identify the most influential authors through analyzing their contributions to pragmatics. For example Bambini's contribution to the field of pragmatics has led to concepts such as conversational implicature and politeness theory. Other highly influential authors in pragmatics include Grice, Saul and Kasper.<br><br>What is Free Pragmatics?<br><br>The study of pragmatics focuses on the users and contexts of language usage rather than focusing on reference grammar, truth,  [https://minecraftcommand.science/profile/animebottom0 프라그마틱 사이트] or. It examines how a single utterance may be understood differently in different contexts. This includes ambiguity as well as indexicality. It also focuses on methods that listeners employ to determine which words are meant to be communicated. It is closely connected to the theory of conversational implicature which was developed by Paul Grice.<br><br>While the distinction between pragmatics and semantics is a well-known and established one There is a lot of controversy regarding the exact boundaries of these fields. For example some philosophers have claimed that the concept of sentence meaning is an aspect of semantics while others have claimed that this sort of thing should be viewed as a pragmatic issue.<br><br>Another debate is whether pragmatics is a subfield of philosophy of languages or a branch of the study of the study of linguistics. Some researchers have argued pragmatics is an independent field and should be treated as part of linguistics along with the study of phonology. syntax, semantics etc. Others, however, have argued that the study of pragmatics should be viewed as part of the philosophy of language since it examines the ways in which our concepts of the meaning and  [https://bysee3.com/home.php?mod=space&uid=4647025 프라그마틱 정품인증] 무료[https://www.ky58.cc/dz/home.php?mod=space&uid=2058619 프라그마틱 슬롯 체험] ([https://www.metooo.com/u/66e28c7ef2059b59ef303b37 Https://Www.Metooo.Com/U/66E28C7Ef2059B59Ef303B37]) uses of language affect our theories about how languages work.<br><br>There are a few key aspects of the study of pragmatics that have been the source of the debate. For example, some scholars have argued that pragmatics is not a subject in its own right because it studies the ways that people interpret and use language, without being able to provide any information regarding what is actually being said. This type of approach is called far-side pragmatics. Some scholars have argued that this study should be considered a discipline in its own right because it examines the ways in which the meaning and usage of language is affected by cultural and social factors. This is called near-side pragmatism.<br><br>Other topics of discussion in pragmatics include the manner in which we understand the nature of the interpretation of utterances as an inferential process and the importance that primary pragmatic processes play in the determination of what is said by a speaker in a given sentence. Recanati and Bach examine these issues in more in depth. Both papers address the notions of saturation and free pragmatic enrichment. Both are significant pragmatic processes in that they help to shape the meaning of a statement.<br><br>How is Free Pragmatics Different from Explanatory Pragmatics?<br><br>Pragmatics is the study of how context contributes to linguistic meaning. It focuses on how the human language is utilized in social interaction as well as the relationship between speaker and interpreter. Pragmaticians are linguists that focus in pragmatics.<br><br>A variety of theories of pragmatics have been developed over time. Some, like Gricean pragmatics, focus on the intention of communication of a speaker. Others, like Relevance Theory are focused on the understanding processes that occur during the interpretation of words by hearers. Certain pragmatic approaches have been combined together with other disciplines such as philosophy or cognitive science.<br><br>There are also differing opinions on the boundary between semantics and pragmatics. Certain philosophers, such as Morris, believe that pragmatics and semantics are two separate topics. He states that semantics is concerned with the relation of signs to objects that they could or not denote, while pragmatics is concerned with the use of the words in context.<br><br>Other philosophers such as Bach and Harnish have suggested that pragmatism is an subfield of semantics. They distinguish between 'nearside and far-side' pragmatics. Near-side pragmatics is concerned with what is said while far-side is focused on the logical implications of uttering a phrase. They argue that semantics is already determining some of the pragmatics of a statement, whereas other pragmatics are determined by the pragmatic processes.<br><br>The context is among the most important aspects of pragmatics. This means that the same utterance can have different meanings in different contexts, depending on things like ambiguity and indexicality. The structure of the conversation, the beliefs of the speaker and intentions, and expectations of the audience can also alter the meaning of a phrase.<br><br>A second aspect of pragmatics is its cultural specificity. It is because every culture has its own rules about what is acceptable in various situations. In certain cultures, it's considered polite to look at each other. In other cultures, it's considered rude.<br><br>There are many different perspectives on pragmatics, and a lot of research is being conducted in this field. Some of the main areas of research include computational and formal pragmatics theoretic and experimental pragmatics; cross-cultural and intercultural pragmatics; as well as clinical and experimental pragmatics.<br><br>How does free Pragmatics compare to explanation Pragmatics?<br><br>The linguistic discipline of pragmatics is concerned with the way meaning is conveyed by the use of language in a context. It analyzes how the speaker's intentions and beliefs influence interpretation, focusing less on grammatical features of the utterance rather than what is said. Linguists who specialize in pragmatics are called pragmaticians. The subject of pragmatics is related to other linguistics areas, 프라그마틱 무료스핀 [[https://digitaltibetan.win/wiki/Post:How_To_Make_An_Amazing_Instagram_Video_About_Pragmatic_Slots_Free_Trial https://Digitaltibetan.win/Wiki/Post:How_To_Make_An_Amazing_Instagram_Video_About_Pragmatic_Slots_Free_Trial]] like syntax, semantics and philosophy of language.<br><br>In recent years, the field of pragmatics has developed in various directions such as computational linguistics pragmatics of conversation, and theoretic pragmatics. There is a wide range of research conducted in these areas, which address issues like the importance of lexical features, the interaction between language and discourse and the nature of meaning itself.<br><br>One of the major issues in the philosophical debate of pragmatics is whether or not it is possible to have an accurate, systematic understanding of the semantics/pragmatics interface. Some philosophers have suggested that it isn't (e.g. Morris 1938, Kaplan 1989). Other philosophers have argued that the distinction between pragmatics and semantics isn't well-defined, and that they are the identical.<br><br>The debate between these two positions is usually a back and forth affair scholars argue that particular events are a part of either semantics or pragmatics. For example some scholars believe that if an expression has the literal truth-conditional meaning, it is semantics, whereas others believe that the fact that an expression can be interpreted in a variety of ways is a sign of pragmatics.<br><br>Other researchers in pragmatics have taken a different view, arguing that the truth-conditional meaning a utterance has is just one of the many ways that the word can be interpreted, and that all of these interpretations are valid. This approach is often referred to as far-side pragmatics.<br><br>Recent work in pragmatics has tried to combine semantic and far side methods. It attempts to capture the full range of interpretational possibilities that a speaker's speech can offer by demonstrating how the speaker's beliefs and intentions influence the interpretation. For example, Champollion et al. The 2019 version is an Gricean model of the Rational Speech Act framework, with technical innovations developed by Franke and Bergen. This model predicts that the listeners will consider a range of possible exhaustified interpretations of an utterance containing the universal FCI any, and that this is what makes the exclusivity implicature so strong when compared to other plausible implicatures.

Aktuelle Version vom 29. Dezember 2024, 04:08 Uhr

What is Pragmatics?

Pragmatics studies the connection between language and context. It addresses issues such as: What do people mean by the words they use?

It's a philosophy of practical and reasonable actions. It's in contrast to idealism, the notion that you must abide by your principles.

What is Pragmatics?

The study of pragmatics is the way that language users interact and communicate with one and with each other. It is often thought of as a part or language, but it is different from semantics in that it focuses on what the user wants to convey, not what the meaning is.

As a field of study the field of pragmatics is relatively new and its research has grown rapidly over the past few decades. It is a language academic field however, it has also influenced research in other areas like sociolinguistics, psychology, and Anthropology.

There are a variety of perspectives on pragmatics that have contributed to its growth and development. One of these is the Gricean pragmatics approach, which focuses primarily on the notions of intention and the interaction with the speaker's knowledge of the listener's comprehension. Conceptual and lexical approaches to pragmatics are also perspectives on the topic. These perspectives have contributed to the wide range of subjects that researchers studying pragmatics have studied.

The study of pragmatics has been focused on a wide range of subjects, including L2 pragmatic comprehension and request production by EFL learners, and the role of the theory of mind in physical and mental metaphors. It can also be applied to social and cultural phenomena, such as political discourse, discriminatory language, and interpersonal communication. Pragmatics researchers have also used various methods, from experimental to sociocultural.

Figure 9A-C demonstrates that the size of the knowledge base on pragmatics is different depending on the database used. The US and UK are two of the top performers in pragmatics research. However, their ranking is dependent on the database. This difference is due to the fact that pragmatics is an interconnected field that is inextricably linked with other disciplines.

It is therefore difficult to rank the best pragmatics authors solely according to the number of publications they have published. However, it is possible to identify the most influential authors through analyzing their contributions to pragmatics. For example Bambini's contribution to the field of pragmatics has led to concepts such as conversational implicature and politeness theory. Other highly influential authors in pragmatics include Grice, Saul and Kasper.

What is Free Pragmatics?

The study of pragmatics focuses on the users and contexts of language usage rather than focusing on reference grammar, truth, 프라그마틱 사이트 or. It examines how a single utterance may be understood differently in different contexts. This includes ambiguity as well as indexicality. It also focuses on methods that listeners employ to determine which words are meant to be communicated. It is closely connected to the theory of conversational implicature which was developed by Paul Grice.

While the distinction between pragmatics and semantics is a well-known and established one There is a lot of controversy regarding the exact boundaries of these fields. For example some philosophers have claimed that the concept of sentence meaning is an aspect of semantics while others have claimed that this sort of thing should be viewed as a pragmatic issue.

Another debate is whether pragmatics is a subfield of philosophy of languages or a branch of the study of the study of linguistics. Some researchers have argued pragmatics is an independent field and should be treated as part of linguistics along with the study of phonology. syntax, semantics etc. Others, however, have argued that the study of pragmatics should be viewed as part of the philosophy of language since it examines the ways in which our concepts of the meaning and 프라그마틱 정품인증 무료프라그마틱 슬롯 체험 (Https://Www.Metooo.Com/U/66E28C7Ef2059B59Ef303B37) uses of language affect our theories about how languages work.

There are a few key aspects of the study of pragmatics that have been the source of the debate. For example, some scholars have argued that pragmatics is not a subject in its own right because it studies the ways that people interpret and use language, without being able to provide any information regarding what is actually being said. This type of approach is called far-side pragmatics. Some scholars have argued that this study should be considered a discipline in its own right because it examines the ways in which the meaning and usage of language is affected by cultural and social factors. This is called near-side pragmatism.

Other topics of discussion in pragmatics include the manner in which we understand the nature of the interpretation of utterances as an inferential process and the importance that primary pragmatic processes play in the determination of what is said by a speaker in a given sentence. Recanati and Bach examine these issues in more in depth. Both papers address the notions of saturation and free pragmatic enrichment. Both are significant pragmatic processes in that they help to shape the meaning of a statement.

How is Free Pragmatics Different from Explanatory Pragmatics?

Pragmatics is the study of how context contributes to linguistic meaning. It focuses on how the human language is utilized in social interaction as well as the relationship between speaker and interpreter. Pragmaticians are linguists that focus in pragmatics.

A variety of theories of pragmatics have been developed over time. Some, like Gricean pragmatics, focus on the intention of communication of a speaker. Others, like Relevance Theory are focused on the understanding processes that occur during the interpretation of words by hearers. Certain pragmatic approaches have been combined together with other disciplines such as philosophy or cognitive science.

There are also differing opinions on the boundary between semantics and pragmatics. Certain philosophers, such as Morris, believe that pragmatics and semantics are two separate topics. He states that semantics is concerned with the relation of signs to objects that they could or not denote, while pragmatics is concerned with the use of the words in context.

Other philosophers such as Bach and Harnish have suggested that pragmatism is an subfield of semantics. They distinguish between 'nearside and far-side' pragmatics. Near-side pragmatics is concerned with what is said while far-side is focused on the logical implications of uttering a phrase. They argue that semantics is already determining some of the pragmatics of a statement, whereas other pragmatics are determined by the pragmatic processes.

The context is among the most important aspects of pragmatics. This means that the same utterance can have different meanings in different contexts, depending on things like ambiguity and indexicality. The structure of the conversation, the beliefs of the speaker and intentions, and expectations of the audience can also alter the meaning of a phrase.

A second aspect of pragmatics is its cultural specificity. It is because every culture has its own rules about what is acceptable in various situations. In certain cultures, it's considered polite to look at each other. In other cultures, it's considered rude.

There are many different perspectives on pragmatics, and a lot of research is being conducted in this field. Some of the main areas of research include computational and formal pragmatics theoretic and experimental pragmatics; cross-cultural and intercultural pragmatics; as well as clinical and experimental pragmatics.

How does free Pragmatics compare to explanation Pragmatics?

The linguistic discipline of pragmatics is concerned with the way meaning is conveyed by the use of language in a context. It analyzes how the speaker's intentions and beliefs influence interpretation, focusing less on grammatical features of the utterance rather than what is said. Linguists who specialize in pragmatics are called pragmaticians. The subject of pragmatics is related to other linguistics areas, 프라그마틱 무료스핀 [https://Digitaltibetan.win/Wiki/Post:How_To_Make_An_Amazing_Instagram_Video_About_Pragmatic_Slots_Free_Trial] like syntax, semantics and philosophy of language.

In recent years, the field of pragmatics has developed in various directions such as computational linguistics pragmatics of conversation, and theoretic pragmatics. There is a wide range of research conducted in these areas, which address issues like the importance of lexical features, the interaction between language and discourse and the nature of meaning itself.

One of the major issues in the philosophical debate of pragmatics is whether or not it is possible to have an accurate, systematic understanding of the semantics/pragmatics interface. Some philosophers have suggested that it isn't (e.g. Morris 1938, Kaplan 1989). Other philosophers have argued that the distinction between pragmatics and semantics isn't well-defined, and that they are the identical.

The debate between these two positions is usually a back and forth affair scholars argue that particular events are a part of either semantics or pragmatics. For example some scholars believe that if an expression has the literal truth-conditional meaning, it is semantics, whereas others believe that the fact that an expression can be interpreted in a variety of ways is a sign of pragmatics.

Other researchers in pragmatics have taken a different view, arguing that the truth-conditional meaning a utterance has is just one of the many ways that the word can be interpreted, and that all of these interpretations are valid. This approach is often referred to as far-side pragmatics.

Recent work in pragmatics has tried to combine semantic and far side methods. It attempts to capture the full range of interpretational possibilities that a speaker's speech can offer by demonstrating how the speaker's beliefs and intentions influence the interpretation. For example, Champollion et al. The 2019 version is an Gricean model of the Rational Speech Act framework, with technical innovations developed by Franke and Bergen. This model predicts that the listeners will consider a range of possible exhaustified interpretations of an utterance containing the universal FCI any, and that this is what makes the exclusivity implicature so strong when compared to other plausible implicatures.